Is Daycare Good for Young Children?
When people talk about day care, mostly they picture a noisy, stressful environment with impulsive interaction and toy-grabbing toddlers who do not get enough adult attention. Placing the influence that daycare has on the toddler cannot be all-negative and it mostly depends on the child. Studies have revealed that children with difficult temperaments suffer more in low quality daycare, but do better in high-quality environs. According to babble Disney, a blog that deals with parenting issues, their research in 2012 revealed that in these low quality daycare centers, the kids stress hormones are released differently. That is opposite to the normal peaking in the morning and gradual decline towards the evening. Their coristol levels increase in the afternoon and this often causes anxiety during their time in the care centers. This repeated pattern will stay with them until the age of fifteen. Concerns by parents on the rising ratio of three children per one-adult supervision at the center is worrying, since it forces the children to fend for themselves most of the time, which leaves them too tired at the end of the day. The same study states that kids that grow up in high quality care are better in math and have high vocabulary understanding in their early years.
Quarterly childhood research in 2004 showed that the coristol problem in kids is caused by congestion in their environs. An example is the classrooms with over twenty kids in one room. A lot of essays are written on this topic and are plagiarized free https://123helpme.org/articles/plagiarism-free-essay/. The research shows that they have difficulty relating with their teachers. The same kids, after reaching the sixth grade, tend to have behavioral and psychological problems. However, according to the survey by the national institute of health on the day care system, the daycare experience is argued to preps the child in readiness for school. The experience is both cognitively enriching and stimulating to the child. According to them, four year old children, who had a high quality day care experience, do better on numbering and literature skills. The same research reveals that the immunity system is strengthened due to the constant exposure to different germs, while in the day care facility the occurrence is increased by average of 30 percent, which helps to prevent serious chronic problems like leukemia, asthma and allergies. Learning how to get along with others and how to be assertive is another benefit that kids get from attending day care facilities. They learn to make friends early in life and it is a sure way of starting their social life.
What really matters is the independent decision to place the child in these institutions. There are things to look at like how it is helping to develop the child memory, preparation for kindergarten and language skills. Does it give them any persisting edge that extends to elementary school? Lastly, how do they react to the child when they are agitated and distressed? Experts say that for a day care center to be effective, it should seek a program that is licensed and certified. It should include accreditation from a certified organization, for example the National association for education of young children, and should meet their basic requirements including the number of staff, qualification of the teachers and the option of being able to drop in at any time, which is an important feature for any parent. These are the general guidelines for parents to consider while choosing a day care center for their kids.
One of the major theories of day care is Urie Bronfenbrenner theory on ecological system in 2005 and its effect on a child’s development. According to the theory, the environment influences child growth differently. He further noted different ecological factors that play a role in a child’s development and labeled them as a micro system. This is the immediate surrounding of the child; it includes any organization or relation the child is in contact with, for example family or schools. This group is important, since the children’s interaction in the group determines a lot how they grow. The mesosystem further helps to develop the micro system. Caregivers play active roles in the children’s general growth like schoolwork, and will promote their well-being and growth. Daycares are better compared to the growth environments with constant arguments or divorce. Such environs inhibit a child’s growth in many ways, in both the ecosystem and the macro system. The exosystem is a group comprising mostly of people the child relates to but not very often. Examples include neighbors, parent’s workplace, and extended family members. Its impact is indirect, for example if a parent loses the job the economic value of the loss will affect the child too. The last level is the macro system. This bracket includes many things and diversely remote people. It consists of the cultural values, freedoms permitted by the government, wars and the economy. All these affect the child negatively or positively.
Deborah Lowe Vandell, from the University of Wisconsin department of educational psychology, conducted her research on Child Care quality to see if it matters and if there is a need to improve it. Done in 2000, the research brought out the theory that effective childcare is economically justified to improve the level of the non-parental childcare through public intervention. She based her answers mostly on the research centralized around small and large-scale studies and on children from low-income families by comparing the economic rational evidence from these bases. She critically revised earlier research based on the effects of high and low quality day care and their environs in accordance with the child’s development. Her methods include observations on how the kids interact with the caregivers and other children, monitoring activities like health and safety, language development and close observation of the situation in these environs by means of recording these indicators in an accepted scale. In addition, there is a need to review caregiver’s quality and the adult to child ratio, including childcare settings and structural characteristics, which involves monitoring group sizes of the children, general training and teaching methods of the teachers. This research confirmed that an effective environment reduces injuries, increases child participation and has fewer health, respiratory and infection cases.
The theory on mothers and childcare policies as stated by Simon Duncan in 2003 is mainly based on the government’s expansion of childcare services to include the adult worker model. This model requires both parents to work and take proper decisions on childcare services according to their economic rational choice model that works for them.
Through this principal, the research analyses the processes involved in the decision-making of finding a proper childcare from the mother’s viewpoint. It looks at the emotional decisions involved around their children and their needs. The ones that need to primarily focus on their children’s needs and highlight the main differences between the different social groups. Through these studies, the inadequacies in childcare policies are revealed and alternative options given. The author argues that expansion alone is not an effective solution for the model system.
Recent research by Rowena Kenny in 2010 on the studies of the relationship between the child and his natural environment greatly supports the research by Urie Bronfenbrenner. They both analyze the relation and influence that the environment has on a child’s growth. She takes it further to include easy application protocols. Her methods follow the basic analysis of the former researchers. Through her study the relevance of the link between the environment and missed opportunities for the child become clear, and the negative implications of her study for the child include obesity, increased mental health disorders and poor health. In addition, the findings of her research have urged the need for more information on the correlation between the children, the environment, and its effects on the child’s development.
The recent studies by Deborah Lowe Vandell, on Child Care quality have provided a useful insight on the subject .Other researchers have used her research to measure quality in alternative ways. These include mainly recording, observation, care giving, assessing provisions of safety, and health structural characteristics. With childcare at home, we cut across many areas, namely the physical environment, health and safety, materials used and a variety of experience.
Urie Bronfenbrenner theory would be the most appropriate, since its principles are easily applicable and they are easily identified with. In his book Building the nest, he provided the five principles that make up a socially acceptable person, the main ones being character, development and competence. He links them back to the emotions of a child as the central value to all future interactions and relationships. It states that these settings apply even to adults and this makes it a more suitable theory to utilize. His suggestions on the components necessary for a complete development of an individual are found in both the environment and the person. This includes the fact that the emotional and intellectual growth of a child will need constant participation in progressively complex activities in their life with the people they have a strong irrational, mutual, and emotional connection to. These people are interested in the correct development. The set public policies, and practices that offer stability, time, recognition, status, and custom effectively help the child growth in all aspects starting from the personal levels like teachers, parents, community, coworkers, relatives, entire community and eventually help in the effective child rearing function.
One important issue to note is that, in addition to the many indisputable advantages that the facilities offer, the infant it cannot also be disputed that it has cons, which need attention. A 2007 survey by the national institute of child health development states that these facilities are expensive and most are not up to standard in terms of amount of attention, employed staff and preparedness in emergency and only 10 percent of them provide adequate quality care.
In conclusion, daycare is beneficial to young children in different ways. The repetitive progressive pattern in daycare establishes interactions on an interpersonal level. These strong attachments mutually enhance the child’s immediate features to respond to the social, symbolic environment and in effect enhance the physical imagination to invite and manipulate the child’s creativity. In addition, the psychological growth is enhanced and accelerated. Lastly, an effective environment that will ease the child’s rearing process requires an effective two-way communication. This effectively includes the ongoing patterns that support the communication exchange and trust that is mutual between the children and their parents who are the principal authority. These settings are effective at the childcare program, at home, and at the parents’ work place.
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