360 evaluations -- oh joy. I was "required" to participate in 360 in a "mature" organization. I knew that my manager at the time of each 360 would see quotes of language, I took care to de-personalize my writing, using syntax, phrasing that I would not normally use, so that my point was clear but the source was not, at least easily, identifiable. So far, so good.
One year I was reporting to a trainwreck of a manager, a person who had been overpromoted because they managed upward like a dream but who was well known to be a psychological wreck who terrorized their direct reports. It was common knowledge that this manager re-arranged their direct reports during the two months before the 360 so that anyone who might criticize them would be put under others, therefore not a direct report and not allowed to participate in the 360. Three of us on their team collaborated on our responses to hit the main points of this manager's failings and misbehavior, using different, de-personalized but powerful language. Then I had the treat of witnessing the annual session (well-known in the org) during which the manager read parts of the feedback and sobbed for upward of 30 minutes. Upper management took years to get rid of this manager, and they didn't even do it for the abuse of subordinates; the manager did something unrelated that was against policy, and only then did the organization start a year-long process to...lay them off.
However, general advice: 360 advice is never anonymous. If the reporting group for the manager is small, keep feedback very low key. If the reporting group is larger -- and this is the only way you can let upper management know there is a general issue or issues with a manager -- it can be used to make points. However, always, ALWAYS, write feedback carefully, make sure the examples, language and usage is pure vanilla and not traceable back to you. It might help to have someone else, like your partner, do the actual writing, then use their language. This is only when you really have no other way to get the point across to upper management (unfortunately, I have never found HR to be helpful in this area -- they knew this manager was a walking potential lawsuit against the company for their misbehavior, but they never had the power to do anything about it). The reception of the criticism by the manager themself? Really depends on self-awareness.
Specific advice to OP: I'm sorry that your honesty resulted in this. Yes, get this experience on record with HR; it should be documented. Both your supervisor and her supervisor are at fault. Document the rude comments; provide to both HR and boss's boss. Maintain a high level of performance and set a reasonable deadline for your supervisor to calm down and stop the rude comments and micro-management -- give her a chance to de-escalate. Regarding Mary Pool's advice, consider whether an apology is going to be a) genuine (because you acted with integrity, did nothing wrong), b) appropriate (is she going to accept a genuine apology) and/or c) effective -- would an apology, genuine or not, lead her to change her behavior in the short or long run.
It's a difficult situation. Good luck.
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